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Allatu

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Ancient MesopotamiaAncient Near East : 

Allat (The Sun Goddess) is an alternative name of the Mesopotamian goddess of the underworld, now usually known as Ereshkigal. She was reportedly also venerated in Carthage under the name Allatu. Allāt or al-Lāt was a Pre-Islamic Arabian goddess who was one of the three chief goddesses of what is called Mecca today. She is mentioned in the Qur'an (Sura 53:19), which indicates that pre-Islamic Arabs considered her as one of the daughters of Allah (or God), along with Manāt and Al-‘Uzzá. Just like there were frequent episodes of Christians destroying, pillaging, desecrating and vandalizing pagan temples, tombs and monuments, the temple dedicated to Allat was demolished by Muslims on the orders of Muhammad, during the Expedition of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, in the same year as the Battle of Tabuk (which occurred in October 630 AD.) The Nabataeans of Petra and the people of Hatra worshipped Allat, equating her with the Greek Athena and Tyche and the Roman Minerva. She is frequently called "the Great Goddess" in Greek in multi-lingual inscriptions. According to Wellhausen, the Nabataeans believed al-Lāt was the mother of Hubal (and hence the mother-in-law of Manāt). The Greek historian Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BC, considered her the equivalent of Aphrodite: The Assyrians call Aphrodite Mylitta, the Arabians Alilat [Greek spelling: Ἀλιλάτ], and the Persians Mithra. In addition that deity is associated with the Indian deity Mitra. Allat means "The Goddess."  It seems that Al-Uzza, Allat and Menat represent the Triple goddess, just like Osiris, Isis, and Horus. The "Triple Goddess" symbol of the waxing, full and waning moon, representing the aspects of Maiden, Mother, and Crone. The three: Al-Uzza, Allat and Menat are referred to as the daughters of God. The moon decrescent one is the wisdom of age (Menat). The first one is Venus, morning star (Uzza). And the strong mother one is the Sun (Allat). Babylonians have always used an equilateral triangle to represent three-in-one god. Babylonians worshiped a trinity of gods: Ea – the god of water, Anu – the god of the sky, and Enlil – the storm god.



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